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Stereo is like right and stereocenter means you have a right and left version of the center, which is another way to say the chiral center. How many tetrahedral stereocenters are present in cholesterol (pictured below)? It’s also easier in terms of the math because the kinematic equations can be kind of complex at times. Not only is that does that almost always work compared to the kinematics. You can convert gravitational potential energy or electrostatic potential energy or spring potential energy into velocity through kinetic energy. The takeaway here is to use kinetic energy first when they asd for velocity. Then you can just plug in the numbers to find the velocity. In this case, the mass ends up canceling out and so we end up not needing to worry about that. And we’re assuming there’s not gonna be any drag in this case, especially because we’re only dropping it from 20 meters. So technically, if we ignore drag, a feather, and a bag of bricks, they’re going to fall at the same speed. So now, we just have to convert our gravitational potential energy into kinetic energy. And in this question, that isn’t the case. Because in theory, that should work unless there is some friction going on. Phil suggests trying energy first always. And so in those cases, you can’t use kinematics.īut you can still use energy. Or springs, the more you compress it, the more they push back. Very interestingly, there are some cases where kinematic equations don’t work where the forces are changing.įor example, as objects get closer, they pull more electrostatics or gravity or things like that. You can use your kinematic equations for that. Now, there are actually two ways to solve this question the way that the MCAT kind of sets this up. If you drop it from 20 meters, it’s not going to be going fast. Putting D’s speed in conceptual understanding, this means that every five seconds, this thing is going two kilometers. Ignoring air resistance, what is the maximum speed achieved by the mass? (assume g = 10 m/ s 2)ĭ is very fast.
Question 15Ī mass of 10 kg was dropped from a height of 20 m. But the challenge is just making sure that you’ve got that little outside discrete knowledge. This question is actually pretty straightforward. It leaves you with answer choice A without looking at answer choice three.Īnd once you know that equation, and you’re already going to apply it.
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Plus one gives me answer choices A, C and D.
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A bond counts as just one electron and then any free electron counts as an electron as well. Using the equation, start with 6, and then subtract the number of dots and sticks. They want electrons and oxygen is going to have 6. Then you go to the left, they’re missing one. So with the exception of Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon, all of those are going to be like 8 valence electrons. Looking at the periodic table, anything on the far right is going to have an octet. Each of those bonds is two electrons, but one of them goes with the nitrogen. A bond is two electrons, but they’re being shared sort of unevenly or evenly in this case.Īnd so we have the oxygen has two lone pairs, and it’s got three electrons, that from those double bonds. The idea here is the dots are lone pairs of electrons. The equation for the formal charge is the number of electrons normally found on the thing on the element, or the atom, minus the number of sticks and dots.
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You have to figure out how to calculate a formal charge. And then the question here is telling you that you can’t predict the charge. So if you know the charge, you’ve got to throw that out. But this is not the nitrite most people are familiar with. That’s actually good to note because NO2 is generally nitrite. So it’s kind of a nice little hint to say, it doesn’t have to add up to zero. It’s about asking what are the formal charges on each of these atoms? And it tells us that we don’t know what the overall charge is. III – connected to the nitrogen is another oxygen with six dots around it.ĭots on the left has a lone pair and triple bonded to a nitrogen, which is then single bonded to another oxygen with three lone pairs. I – oxygen with two little dots on the left What are the formal charges on the atoms in the molecule below? (Note: the molecule has not been labeled with overall formal charge and may have an overall formal charge that is 0 or a value other than 0). Listen to this podcast episode with the player above, or keep reading for the highlights and takeaway points. We’re joined by Phil from Blueprint MCAT, formerly Next Step Test Prep. We evaluate formal charges, calculate projectile speed, define chiral centers, and more! We’re on to discrete section 1 in the Blueprint MCAT full-length 1 today.
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